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Modeling Molecular Engines

January 16, 2018

Paul Whitford is an assistant professor of physics at Northeastern University. He uses high performance computing to study the dynamics of biological systems to understand the physical principles that govern the dynamics of cells.
A particular interest is bacterial ribosomes. "With the ribosome we are trying to understand the dynamics of a very complex molecular system," says Whitford. In this video, Whitford lifts the lid on the interior landscape of the ribsosome, and his research seeking a nanoscale biomechanical understanding of how it works.
Modeling Molecular Machines - video credit: Helen Hill
"You can think of these systems as tiny motors similar to a car engine except scaled down by billions in size. What we are trying to understand, is how these little motors travel between all the different places in the cell and how they carry out all of their various functions when they get there."
To do this Whitford and his team run elaborate molecular simulations on Northeastern University's Discovery Cluster housed at the MGHPCC in Holyoke, MA. "If you think of a car engine, you know where the gas pedal is and what it does - well, put simply, our research is asking where is the gas pedal in these little machines?"
The research that Whitford's Group is pursuing has many applications ranging from health to nano-technology. "The nano-technology applications we have in mind are the design of molecular scale machines to carry out highly specific functions within the body. Our work provides the rules for how those machines work and blueprints for designing them. On the health side perhaps you would like to suppress replication of a cancer cell or kill some bacteria. To do that you have to know what are the key features that control each biological system."
Whitford recalls how when he first started trying to model the complexities of the ribosome back when he was a graduate student at the University of California, San Diego  his colleagues would look at him like he was a little bit crazy, saying that what he was attempting was impossible. Now though, with the rapid increase in computing power and the facilities accessible to him through Northeastern and MGHPCC, he is able to run such models routinely making it practical to propose many ideas, and test them with rapid turn around times that really allow the science to move quickly, something that just ten years ago, he says, would have been unthinkable.
"Now that we have so many resources, and we have so many models that we can apply to study these systems, we can start to tackle the many conformational changes and functions of the system," says Whitford. In their work his team has so far touched on just two or three major motions, but he says there are dozens that remain unexplored and he is looking forward to what the future holds. "It's going to take many years to really go through each of these steps and understand what is going on through each of them, but the potential pay off is enormous," he says.

About the Researcher

Paul Whitford - Image credit: Helen Hill


Professor Whitford’s research probes the energetic properties of biomolecular dynamics through a combination of theoretical modeling and high-performance computing (HPC). His investigations of biomolecular order-disorder transitions and energy transduction processes span from protein and ribonucleic acid folding, to large-scale conformational rearrangements in molecular machines. Since this work is at the interface of statistical mechanics, and areas of chemical and biological research, many investigations are performed in close collaboration with experimental researchers, which allows for quantitative comparisons of theoretical concepts and cellular dynamics.
The principal class of models that Whitford’s Group uses for simulating biomolecules are Structure-Based Models. Grounded by experimental observables, these models approximate the effective energy landscape of a molecule by a single (or a few) dominant basins of attraction. It is then possible to systematically analyze the response of the system to perturbations, which can mimic drug interactions, changes in cellular conditions, the formation of biomolecular interfaces and energy-releasing chemical steps. From this, Whitford and his group are able to identify the essential energy landscape features that are responsible for biological function.
In a recent study Whitford observed that a large portion of a complex assembly they were studying undergoes a novel motion that had not been seen experimentally. Subsequently published experiments suggest very similar motions do indeed occur suggesting lending strong support that the theoretical models Whitford and his team are developing are able to provide valuable insights into the relationship between all of these various moving components.

Links

Paul Whitford
Whitford Research Group
 
 

Research projects

Foldit
Dusty With a Chance of Star Formation
Checking the Medicine Cabinet to Interrupt COVID-19 at the Molecular Level
Not Too Hot, Not Too Cold But Still, Is It Just Right?​
Smashing Discoveries​
Microbiome Pattern Hunting
Modeling the Air we Breathe
Exploring Phytoplankton Diversity
The Computer Will See You Now
Computing the Toll of Trapped Diamondback Terrapins
Edging Towards a Greener Future
Physics-driven Drug Discovery
Modeling Plasma-Surface Interactions
Sensing Subduction Zones
Neural Networks & Earthquakes
Small Stars, Smaller Planets, Big Computing
Data Visualization using Climate Reanalyzer
Getting to Grips with Glassy Materials
Modeling Molecular Engines
Forest Mapping: When the Budworms come to Dinner
Exploring Thermoelectric Behavior at the Nanoscale
The Trickiness of Talking to Computers
A Genomic Take on Geobiology
From Grass to Gas
Teaching Computers to Identify Odors
From Games to Brains
The Trouble with Turbulence
A New Twist
A Little Bit of This... A Little Bit of That..
Looking Like an Alien!
Locking Up Computing
Modeling Supernovae
Sound Solution
Lessons in a Virtual Test Tube​
Crack Computing
Automated Real-time Medical Imaging Analysis
Towards a Smarter Greener Grid
Heading Off Head Blight
Organic Light-Harvesting Antennae
Art and AI
Excited by Photons
Tapping into an Ocean of Data
Computing Global Change
Star Power
Engineering the Human Microbiome
Computing Social Capital
Computers Diagnosing Disease
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Collaborative projects

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Outreach & Education Projects

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